The experiences of the Gypsy, Roma and Travelling communities in prison in the UK and Ireland: a scoping review

Gypsy, Roma and Traveller communities experience the poorest outcomes across multiple domains, including over-representation in the Criminal Justice System. Despite several government publications, limited research explores their specific experiences within criminal justice services. This scoping review aimed to synthesise existing literature on the prison experiences of Gypsy, Roma and Traveller individuals, particularly regarding the extent to which their cultural needs are met. The review included qualitative studies published in English from 1994 onward, focusing on Gypsy, Roma and Traveller individuals’ prison experiences. A search of three academic databases and grey literature was conducted, and screening followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Variables were extracted to assess inclusion criteria, summarise findings, and chart demographic data such as gender and country of origin. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Core themes identified included discrimination, limited understanding of Gypsy, Roma and Traveller culture and relationships, and inadequate opportunities to meet cultural needs in custody. Although the small number of studies limits generalisability, the recurrence of these themes across different contexts indicates systemic issues. Overall, the findings suggest that Gypsy, Roma and Traveller prisoners have predominantly negative experiences, with key cultural needs unmet and poorly understood. The findings suggest more focused research and policy development are needed to address these systemic shortcomings within custodial environments.