TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of underwater massage during hot water immersion on acute cardiovascular and mood responses
AU - Cullen, Tom
AU - Steward, Charles J.
AU - Menzies, Campbell
AU - Pugh, Christopher J.A.
AU - Thake, C. Douglas
PY - 2024/4/25
Y1 - 2024/4/25
N2 - Purpose
There is emerging evidence that demonstrates the health benefits of hot water immersion including improvements to cardiovascular health and reductions in stress and anxiety. Many commercially available hot tubs offer underwater massage systems which purport to enhance many benefits of hot water immersion, however, these claims have yet to be studied.
Methods
Twenty participants (4 females) completed three, 30-minute sessions of hot-water immersion (beginning at 39°C) in a crossover randomized design: with air massage (Air Jet), water massage (Hydro Jet) or no massage (Control). Cardiovascular responses comprising; heart rate, blood pressure and superficial femoral artery blood flow and shear rate were measured. State trait anxiety, basic affect, and salivary cortisol were recorded before and after each trial. Data were analysed using a mixed effects model.
Results
Post immersion, heart rate increased (Δ31bpm, P
AB - Purpose
There is emerging evidence that demonstrates the health benefits of hot water immersion including improvements to cardiovascular health and reductions in stress and anxiety. Many commercially available hot tubs offer underwater massage systems which purport to enhance many benefits of hot water immersion, however, these claims have yet to be studied.
Methods
Twenty participants (4 females) completed three, 30-minute sessions of hot-water immersion (beginning at 39°C) in a crossover randomized design: with air massage (Air Jet), water massage (Hydro Jet) or no massage (Control). Cardiovascular responses comprising; heart rate, blood pressure and superficial femoral artery blood flow and shear rate were measured. State trait anxiety, basic affect, and salivary cortisol were recorded before and after each trial. Data were analysed using a mixed effects model.
Results
Post immersion, heart rate increased (Δ31bpm, P
U2 - 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103858
DO - 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103858
M3 - Article
SN - 0306-4565
SP - 103858
JO - Journal of Thermal Biology
JF - Journal of Thermal Biology
ER -