Measuring early vascular aging in youth: an expert consensus document from the Youth Vascular Consortium

Jeanne Hersant; Ruan Kruger; Elisabetta Bianchini; Karsten Königstein; Manish D. Sinha; Erzsébet V. Hidvégi; Vimarsha Kodithuwakku; José Geraldo Mill; Alejandro Diaz; Yanina Zócalo; Daniel Bia; David Celermajer; Henner Hanssen; Madeleine Johansson; Giacomo Pucci; Mieczysław Litwin; Keeron Stone; Christopher J.A. Pugh; Lee Stoner; Elaine M. Urbina; Rosa Maria Bruno; Peter M. Nilsson; Rachel E. Climie

doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000004039

Measuring early vascular aging in youth: an expert consensus document from the Youth Vascular Consortium

Jeanne Hersant, Ruan Kruger, Elisabetta Bianchini, Karsten Königstein, Manish D. Sinha, Erzsébet V. Hidvégi, Vimarsha Kodithuwakku, José Geraldo Mill, Alejandro Diaz, Yanina Zócalo, Daniel Bia, David Celermajer, Henner Hanssen, Madeleine Johansson, Giacomo Pucci, Mieczysław Litwin, Keeron Stone, Christopher J.A. Pugh, Lee Stoner, Elaine M. UrbinaRosa Maria Bruno, Peter M. Nilsson, Rachel E. Climie^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

Abstract

Since the conceptualization of early vascular aging (EVA) in 2008, significant efforts have been made to develop and improve its assessment. Initially lead by the investigation of arterial stiffness through pulse wave velocity (PWV), several additional vascular aging biomarkers have gained prominence in recent years. Despite expanding literature addressing methodological concerns associated with these biomarkers in youth, a standardized approach for clinical evaluation of EVA remains elusive, leaving pertinent gaps in understanding the optimal methodology. This article, resulting from international consensus efforts from the Youth Vascular Consortium, aims to provide an updated overview of methods available to measure EVA in youth and to discuss challenges in translating these methods into clinical practice.

Original language	English
Article number	4039
Journal	Journal of Hypertension
Early online date	6 May 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000004039
Publication status	Published - 6 May 2025

Keywords

ABI
AIx
CAVI
CBP
CIMT
EVA
FMD
OCTA
PAT
PPG
PWA
PWV
RHI
UNCRC
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
VWV
ankle–brachial index
arterial stiffness
atherosclerosis
augmentation index
baPWV
biomarker
brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity
cardio-ankle vascular index
carotid intima–media thickness
carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity
central blood pressure
cfPWV
early vascular aging
evaluation
flow-mediated dilatation
knowledge gaps
optical coherence tomography angiography
peripheral arterial tonometry
photoplethysmography
physiopathology
pulse wave analysis
pulse wave velocity
reactive hyperemia index
volume wave velocity
youth

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10.1097/HJH.0000000000004039

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Hersant, J., Kruger, R., Bianchini, E., Königstein, K., Sinha, M. D., Hidvégi, E. V., Kodithuwakku, V., Mill, J. G., Diaz, A., Zócalo, Y., Bia, D., Celermajer, D., Hanssen, H., Johansson, M., Pucci, G., Litwin, M., Stone, K., Pugh, C. J. A., Stoner, L., ... Climie, R. E. (2025). Measuring early vascular aging in youth: an expert consensus document from the Youth Vascular Consortium. Journal of Hypertension, Article 4039. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000004039

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title = "Measuring early vascular aging in youth: an expert consensus document from the Youth Vascular Consortium",

abstract = "Since the conceptualization of early vascular aging (EVA) in 2008, significant efforts have been made to develop and improve its assessment. Initially lead by the investigation of arterial stiffness through pulse wave velocity (PWV), several additional vascular aging biomarkers have gained prominence in recent years. Despite expanding literature addressing methodological concerns associated with these biomarkers in youth, a standardized approach for clinical evaluation of EVA remains elusive, leaving pertinent gaps in understanding the optimal methodology. This article, resulting from international consensus efforts from the Youth Vascular Consortium, aims to provide an updated overview of methods available to measure EVA in youth and to discuss challenges in translating these methods into clinical practice.",

keywords = "ABI, AIx, CAVI, CBP, CIMT, EVA, FMD, OCTA, PAT, PPG, PWA, PWV, RHI, UNCRC, United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, VWV, ankle–brachial index, arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis, augmentation index, baPWV, biomarker, brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity, cardio-ankle vascular index, carotid intima–media thickness, carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity, central blood pressure, cfPWV, early vascular aging, evaluation, flow-mediated dilatation, knowledge gaps, optical coherence tomography angiography, peripheral arterial tonometry, photoplethysmography, physiopathology, pulse wave analysis, pulse wave velocity, reactive hyperemia index, volume wave velocity, youth",

author = "Jeanne Hersant and Ruan Kruger and Elisabetta Bianchini and Karsten K{\"o}nigstein and Sinha, {Manish D.} and Hidv{\'e}gi, {Erzs{\'e}bet V.} and Vimarsha Kodithuwakku and Mill, {Jos{\'e} Geraldo} and Alejandro Diaz and Yanina Z{\'o}calo and Daniel Bia and David Celermajer and Henner Hanssen and Madeleine Johansson and Giacomo Pucci and Mieczys{\l}aw Litwin and Keeron Stone and Pugh, {Christopher J.A.} and Lee Stoner and Urbina, {Elaine M.} and Bruno, {Rosa Maria} and Nilsson, {Peter M.} and Climie, {Rachel E.}",

year = "2025",

month = may,

day = "6",

doi = "10.1097/HJH.0000000000004039",

language = "English",

journal = "Journal of Hypertension",

issn = "0263-6352",

publisher = "Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)",

}

Hersant, J, Kruger, R, Bianchini, E, Königstein, K, Sinha, MD, Hidvégi, EV, Kodithuwakku, V, Mill, JG, Diaz, A, Zócalo, Y, Bia, D, Celermajer, D, Hanssen, H, Johansson, M, Pucci, G, Litwin, M, Stone, K , Pugh, CJA, Stoner, L, Urbina, EM, Bruno, RM, Nilsson, PM & Climie, RE 2025, 'Measuring early vascular aging in youth: an expert consensus document from the Youth Vascular Consortium', Journal of Hypertension. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000004039

TY - JOUR

T1 - Measuring early vascular aging in youth

T2 - an expert consensus document from the Youth Vascular Consortium

AU - Hersant, Jeanne

AU - Kruger, Ruan

AU - Bianchini, Elisabetta

AU - Königstein, Karsten

AU - Sinha, Manish D.

AU - Hidvégi, Erzsébet V.

AU - Kodithuwakku, Vimarsha

AU - Mill, José Geraldo

AU - Diaz, Alejandro

AU - Zócalo, Yanina

AU - Bia, Daniel

AU - Celermajer, David

AU - Hanssen, Henner

AU - Johansson, Madeleine

AU - Pucci, Giacomo

AU - Litwin, Mieczysław

AU - Stone, Keeron

AU - Pugh, Christopher J.A.

AU - Stoner, Lee

AU - Urbina, Elaine M.

AU - Bruno, Rosa Maria

AU - Nilsson, Peter M.

AU - Climie, Rachel E.

PY - 2025/5/6

Y1 - 2025/5/6

N2 - Since the conceptualization of early vascular aging (EVA) in 2008, significant efforts have been made to develop and improve its assessment. Initially lead by the investigation of arterial stiffness through pulse wave velocity (PWV), several additional vascular aging biomarkers have gained prominence in recent years. Despite expanding literature addressing methodological concerns associated with these biomarkers in youth, a standardized approach for clinical evaluation of EVA remains elusive, leaving pertinent gaps in understanding the optimal methodology. This article, resulting from international consensus efforts from the Youth Vascular Consortium, aims to provide an updated overview of methods available to measure EVA in youth and to discuss challenges in translating these methods into clinical practice.

AB - Since the conceptualization of early vascular aging (EVA) in 2008, significant efforts have been made to develop and improve its assessment. Initially lead by the investigation of arterial stiffness through pulse wave velocity (PWV), several additional vascular aging biomarkers have gained prominence in recent years. Despite expanding literature addressing methodological concerns associated with these biomarkers in youth, a standardized approach for clinical evaluation of EVA remains elusive, leaving pertinent gaps in understanding the optimal methodology. This article, resulting from international consensus efforts from the Youth Vascular Consortium, aims to provide an updated overview of methods available to measure EVA in youth and to discuss challenges in translating these methods into clinical practice.

KW - ABI

KW - AIx

KW - CAVI

KW - CBP

KW - CIMT

KW - EVA

KW - FMD

KW - OCTA

KW - PAT

KW - PPG

KW - PWA

KW - PWV

KW - RHI

KW - UNCRC

KW - United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

KW - VWV

KW - ankle–brachial index

KW - arterial stiffness

KW - atherosclerosis

KW - augmentation index

KW - baPWV

KW - biomarker

KW - brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity

KW - cardio-ankle vascular index

KW - carotid intima–media thickness

KW - carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity

KW - central blood pressure

KW - cfPWV

KW - early vascular aging

KW - evaluation

KW - flow-mediated dilatation

KW - knowledge gaps

KW - optical coherence tomography angiography

KW - peripheral arterial tonometry

KW - photoplethysmography

KW - physiopathology

KW - pulse wave analysis

KW - pulse wave velocity

KW - reactive hyperemia index

KW - volume wave velocity

KW - youth

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105005444126&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1097/HJH.0000000000004039

DO - 10.1097/HJH.0000000000004039

M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:105005444126

SN - 0263-6352

JO - Journal of Hypertension

JF - Journal of Hypertension

M1 - 4039

ER -

Measuring early vascular aging in youth: an expert consensus document from the Youth Vascular Consortium

Abstract

Keywords

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