@inproceedings{af99b43a79f540138b6e98601f72aab5,
title = "Holistic dwelling energy assessment protocol for mine water district heat network",
abstract = "UK buildings and energy infrastructures are heavily dependent on natural gas, and a large proportion is used for domestic space heating; but 50% is imported. Improving energy security and reducing carbon emissions are major government drivers for reducing gas dependency. So, there needs to be a wholesale shift in the energy provision to householders without impacting on thermal comfort levels, convenience or cost of supply. Electrical powered heat pumps are seen as a potential alternative system for heating new dwellings, but will they work in dwellings built prior to 1919? This paper investigates the energy demand of pre-1919 dwellings in Wales, UK as part of a feasibility study to extract water from disused coal mines to supply a district heat network. A holistic surveying protocol providing a more accurate/realistic assessment of total household heat demand is considered. The protocol{\textquoteright}s techniques include condition surveys, air permeability and thermography tests, and heat loss calculations are discussed. The results were used to predict future (beyond 2019) heat demand after potential retrofit improvements, thereby informing the size of heat pumps required. The findings show estimated heat demand to be in close correlation to household energy bills, and that the use of heat pumps in pre-1919 dwellings is viable, provided sufficient improvement to thermal performance is possible.",
keywords = "Heat demand, Heat pump, Pre-1919 dwellings, Renewable energy, Retrofit, UK, Wales",
author = "Littlewood, {J. R.} and B. Philip and N. Evans and R. Radford and A. Whyman and P. Jones",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.; 11th International Conference on Sustainability and Energy in Buildings, SEB 2019 ; Conference date: 04-07-2019 Through 05-07-2019",
year = "2019",
month = oct,
day = "27",
doi = "10.1007/978-981-32-9868-2_65",
language = "English",
isbn = "9789813298675",
series = "Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies",
publisher = "Springer",
pages = "769--779",
editor = "John Littlewood and Howlett, {Robert J.} and Howlett, {Robert J.} and Jain, {Lakhmi C.} and Alfonso Capozzoli and Jain, {Lakhmi C.} and Jain, {Lakhmi C.} and Jain, {Lakhmi C.}",
booktitle = "Sustainability in Energy and Buildings - Proceedings of SEB 2019",
}
