TY - JOUR
T1 - Exercise training and artery function in humans
T2 - Nonresponse and its relationship to cardiovascular risk factors
AU - Green, Daniel J.
AU - Eijsvogels, Thijs
AU - Bouts, Yvette M.
AU - Maiorana, Andrew J.
AU - Naylor, Louise H.
AU - Scholten, Ralph R.
AU - Spaanderman, Marc E.A.
AU - Pugh, Christopher J.A.
AU - Sprung, Victoria S.
AU - Schreuder, Tim
AU - Jones, Helen
AU - Cable, Tim
AU - Hopman, Maria T.E.
AU - Thijssen, Dick H.J.
PY - 2014/8/15
Y1 - 2014/8/15
N2 - The objectives of our study were to examine 1) the proportion of responders and nonresponders to exercise training in terms of vascular function; 2) a priori factors related to exercise training-induced changes in conduit artery function, and 3) the contribution of traditional cardiovascular risk factors to exercise-induced changes in artery function. We pooled data from our laboratories involving 182 subjects who underwent supervised, large-muscle group, endurance-type exercise training interventions with pre-/posttraining measures of flowmediated dilation (FMD%) to assess artery function. All studies adopted an identical FMD protocol (5-min ischemia, distal cuff inflation), contemporary echo-Doppler methodology, and observerindependent automated analysis. Linear regression analysis was used to identify factors contributing to changes in FMD%. We found that cardiopulmonary fitness improved, and weight, body mass index (BMI), cholesterol, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased after training, while FMD% increased in 76% of subjects (P < 0.001). Training-induced increase in FMD% was predicted by lower body weight (β =-0.212), lower baseline FMD% (β =-0.469), lower training frequency (β =-0.256), and longer training duration (β = 0.367) (combined: P < 0.001, r = 0.63). With the exception of a modest correlation with total cholesterol (r =-0.243, P < 0.01), changes in traditional cardiovascular risk factors were not significantly related to changes in FMD% (P > 0.05). In conclusion, we found that, while some subjects do not demonstrate increases following exercise training, improvement in FMD% is present in those with lower pretraining body weight and endothelial function. Moreover, exercise training-induced change in FMD% did not correlate with changes in traditional cardiovascular risk factors, indicating that some cardioprotective effects of exercise training are independent of improvement in risk factors.
AB - The objectives of our study were to examine 1) the proportion of responders and nonresponders to exercise training in terms of vascular function; 2) a priori factors related to exercise training-induced changes in conduit artery function, and 3) the contribution of traditional cardiovascular risk factors to exercise-induced changes in artery function. We pooled data from our laboratories involving 182 subjects who underwent supervised, large-muscle group, endurance-type exercise training interventions with pre-/posttraining measures of flowmediated dilation (FMD%) to assess artery function. All studies adopted an identical FMD protocol (5-min ischemia, distal cuff inflation), contemporary echo-Doppler methodology, and observerindependent automated analysis. Linear regression analysis was used to identify factors contributing to changes in FMD%. We found that cardiopulmonary fitness improved, and weight, body mass index (BMI), cholesterol, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased after training, while FMD% increased in 76% of subjects (P < 0.001). Training-induced increase in FMD% was predicted by lower body weight (β =-0.212), lower baseline FMD% (β =-0.469), lower training frequency (β =-0.256), and longer training duration (β = 0.367) (combined: P < 0.001, r = 0.63). With the exception of a modest correlation with total cholesterol (r =-0.243, P < 0.01), changes in traditional cardiovascular risk factors were not significantly related to changes in FMD% (P > 0.05). In conclusion, we found that, while some subjects do not demonstrate increases following exercise training, improvement in FMD% is present in those with lower pretraining body weight and endothelial function. Moreover, exercise training-induced change in FMD% did not correlate with changes in traditional cardiovascular risk factors, indicating that some cardioprotective effects of exercise training are independent of improvement in risk factors.
KW - Cardiovascular risk
KW - Endothelial function
KW - Flow-mediated dilation
KW - Nitric oxide
KW - Physical activity
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84907347239
U2 - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00354.2014
DO - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00354.2014
M3 - Article
C2 - 24947027
AN - SCOPUS:84907347239
SN - 8750-7587
VL - 117
SP - 345
EP - 352
JO - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF - Journal of Applied Physiology
IS - 4
ER -