Data Protection Challenges and Opportunities Due to Emerging AI and ML Technologies

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) research and innovation have created significant advances in how technology is used in diverse sectors. These technologies can create significant impact outside academia, for example, on our economy, society, and industry landscape. However, most of these AI technologies could be biased or inaccurate if they are not developed and validated well. Irresponsible AI applications can pose significant risks to individuals’ rights. People have started to resist “black box-” type AI models. They want more transparent, equitable, and responsible AI models. To this end, technological paradigm changes are taking place to make emerging AI models more responsible and useful for individuals and the society. To reinforce the technological efforts, policies and regulations are being enacted across the world to regulate “out-of-control” AI and ML applications. This chapter discusses emerging AI and ML applications, data protection challenges, and privacy-preserving AI and ML algorithms.