Critical Success Factors for Knowledge Transfer in Enterprise System Projects: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation

Enterprise System Projects (ESPs) are fundamental enablers of digital transformation across organizations, yet they consistently suffer from high failure rates, often attributed to ineffective Knowledge Transfer (KT) practices. Despite the critical role of KT in ensuring project sustainability and long-term organizational learning, limited scholarly attention has been given to identifying and systematically categorizing the success factors that influence KT outcomes in ESPs. The aim of this study is to investigate and conceptualize the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) that influence effective knowledge transfer in ESPs. To address this research gap, a mixed-methods approach is used, combining a literature review with empirical insights from semi-structured interviews with industry practitioners involved in large-scale ESP implementations. The analysis reveals a set of interrelated CSFs that significantly impact KT effectiveness. Some of the key points highlighted are the shared knowledge between cultures, the high expertise of consultants based on technicality and social skills, and the solid and visible management support. These points are integrated into a conceptual framework that enhances conceptual understanding while offering practitioners practical guidance. The study contributes by bridging the gap between the KT concept and ESP implementation, which are connected to the academic discourse, proposing a comprehensive model for successful knowledge transfer during the deployment of ESP. From a practical standpoint, the findings offer organizations a strategic lens to design and implement KT mechanisms that enhance project outcomes and ensure long-term knowledge retention.