TY - JOUR
T1 - Cathodic High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Changes Gaze Behavior in Professional Female Basketball Players During Free-Throw Shooting Preparation
AU - Moscaleski, Luciane Aparecida
AU - Moreira, Alexandre
AU - Morya, Edgard
AU - Fonseca, André
AU - Morgans, Ryland
AU - Bikson, Marom
AU - Barbieri, Fabio Augusto
AU - Lukasova, Katerina
AU - Brambila de Barros, Danilo Cavalcante
AU - Corrêa, Umberto
AU - Okano, Alexandre Hideki
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2026
PY - 2026/3/6
Y1 - 2026/3/6
N2 - This study analyzed the impact of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on gaze behavior in professional female basketball players during free-throw shooting preparation. Gaze fixation duration was identified using a mobile eye tracker from free throws shooting preparation (n = 2,233). Multi-channel HD-tDCS (cathodic and sham) was applied for 20 minutes before shooting preparation. The shots were classified as code 1 (successful without hitting the rim or backboard), code 2 (the ball hit the rim before going in), and code 3 (missed shots). There were significant differences between sham and cathodic conditions in percentage changes (pre-to post-intervention) of gaze fixation duration for all three codes (p < 0.001), with increases for sham and decreases for cathodic. Interaction effects (condition × time × shooting code) were observed (p < 0.001). The present findings suggest that HD-tDCS can decrease gaze fixation duration towards a functional inward-out role related to improving neural efficiency.
AB - This study analyzed the impact of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on gaze behavior in professional female basketball players during free-throw shooting preparation. Gaze fixation duration was identified using a mobile eye tracker from free throws shooting preparation (n = 2,233). Multi-channel HD-tDCS (cathodic and sham) was applied for 20 minutes before shooting preparation. The shots were classified as code 1 (successful without hitting the rim or backboard), code 2 (the ball hit the rim before going in), and code 3 (missed shots). There were significant differences between sham and cathodic conditions in percentage changes (pre-to post-intervention) of gaze fixation duration for all three codes (p < 0.001), with increases for sham and decreases for cathodic. Interaction effects (condition × time × shooting code) were observed (p < 0.001). The present findings suggest that HD-tDCS can decrease gaze fixation duration towards a functional inward-out role related to improving neural efficiency.
KW - eye tracking
KW - non-invasive brain stimulation
KW - quiet eye
KW - team-sports
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105031941435
U2 - 10.1177/00315125261430223
DO - 10.1177/00315125261430223
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105031941435
SN - 0031-5125
JO - Perceptual and Motor Skills
JF - Perceptual and Motor Skills
ER -