Theory of Change and Logic Models: Their Use in the Evaluation of Sport and Physical Activity Participation Programmes

Theory of change and logic models sit within the broad family of theory-based Evaluation and their use has become more widespread among policy-makers and practitioners involved in the evaluation of sport and leisure interventions. The growth in evaluation research and associated methodologies is linked to the need to justify public investment and demonstrate what, if any, have been the changes as a consequence of the programme or intervention. This chapter explores the use of theory of change and logic models in relation to Calls for Action, a national public intervention programme in Wales which sought to improve physical activity participation levels, especially in relation to hard to reach groups. By drawing on a theory of change approach and logic models the process of co-developing and articulating both programme and project outcomes was viewed positively by stakeholders in that it offered clarity around the purpose(s) of the intervention. The chapter uses this case study evidence to consider some strengths and weaknesses associated with adopting a theory of change approach and logic models. These are explored in terms of their wider implications and the need to develop robust evidence-based policy for sport and leisure programmes.