Sub‐ THz Antenna With Graphene Enabled Beam Steering for THz Communication

This work presents a sub‐THz planar antenna designed for THz communication and sensing, featuring advanced beam steering capabilities. The antenna uses a silicon dioxide (SiO2) substrate with a copper radiating zone incorporating V‐shaped slots, optimized for 0.3 THz. Electromagnetic simulations demonstrate a wide bandwidth of 29 GHz (0.286–0.315 THz) and a return loss of 37.59 dB at 0.3 THz. The beam steering system employs parasitic stubs as reflectors and directors, inspired by Yagi–Uda architecture, and utilizes graphene with adjustable chemical potentials for dynamic beam control. Simulation results show effective beam steering with gains of 6.79 and 6.75 dBi for left and right directions, respectively. A coaxial feed on a circular substrate allows 180° beam steering, enhancing radiation in three directions with gains of 6.47, 6.51, and 6.21 dBi for left, right, and top, respectively, and a front‐to‐back ratio of 14.1 dB. The integration of graphene for dynamic beam steering underscores the antenna's versatility and effectiveness in THz applications.