Introduction to Women in STEM

This chapter provides an overview of the importance of gender equality and diversity in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. It traces the long but impactful history of women's participation in higher education and STEM, highlighting pioneering female figures and key milestones across leading global universities. Despite progress, a significant gender gap persists in STEM worldwide, as evidenced by the underrepresentation of women in STEM education, research, and careers. The chapter surveys the status and initiatives related to women in STEM in various regions including Latin America, Africa, Australia, the Middle East, Asia, the UK, and US. Bridging the STEM gender divide has become a global priority to advance research, innovation, and economies. In this context, the chapter introduces the Partnership for Innovation in Employability (PIE) programme spearheaded by EUREKA Robotics Centre at Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK. The PIE programme aims to build strategic links between academia and industry across different countries to provide women in STEM with skills development, mentoring, mobility experiences, and collaborative opportunities. Consequently, the chapter sets the backdrop for the subsequent chapters that delve into specific experiences and lessons from the PIE programme's journey in fostering women's engagement with STEM through cross-cultural education.