TY - JOUR
T1 - Internet of things (IoT) based saffron cultivation system in greenhouse
AU - Khan, Rabia
AU - Farooq, Muhammad Shoaib
AU - Khelifi, Adel
AU - Ahmad, Umer
AU - Ahmad, Faizan
AU - Riaz, Shamyla
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024. The Author(s).
PY - 2024/9/29
Y1 - 2024/9/29
N2 - Saffron is the world's most expensive and legendary crop that is widely used in cuisine, drugs, and cosmetics. Therefore, the demand for saffron is increasing globally day by day. Despite its massive demand the cultivation of saffron has dramatically decreased and grown in only a few countries. Saffron is an environment-sensitive crop that is affected by various factors including rapid change in climate, light intensity, pH level, soil moisture, salinity level, and inappropriate cultivation techniques. It is not possible to control many of these environmental factors in traditional farming. Although, many innovative technologies like Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things (IoT) have been used to enhance the growth of saffron still, there is a dire need for a system that can overcome primary issues related to saffron growth. In this research, we have proposed an IoT-based system for the greenhouse to control the numerous agronomical variables such as corm size, temperature, humidity, pH level, soil moisture, salinity, and water availability. The proposed architecture monitors and controls environmental factors automatically and sends real-time data from the greenhouse to the microcontroller. The sensed values of various agronomical variables are compared with threshold values and saved at cloud for sending to the farm owner for efficient management. The experiment results reveal that the proposed system is capable to maximize saffron production in the greenhouse by controlling environmental factors as per crop needs.
AB - Saffron is the world's most expensive and legendary crop that is widely used in cuisine, drugs, and cosmetics. Therefore, the demand for saffron is increasing globally day by day. Despite its massive demand the cultivation of saffron has dramatically decreased and grown in only a few countries. Saffron is an environment-sensitive crop that is affected by various factors including rapid change in climate, light intensity, pH level, soil moisture, salinity level, and inappropriate cultivation techniques. It is not possible to control many of these environmental factors in traditional farming. Although, many innovative technologies like Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things (IoT) have been used to enhance the growth of saffron still, there is a dire need for a system that can overcome primary issues related to saffron growth. In this research, we have proposed an IoT-based system for the greenhouse to control the numerous agronomical variables such as corm size, temperature, humidity, pH level, soil moisture, salinity, and water availability. The proposed architecture monitors and controls environmental factors automatically and sends real-time data from the greenhouse to the microcontroller. The sensed values of various agronomical variables are compared with threshold values and saved at cloud for sending to the farm owner for efficient management. The experiment results reveal that the proposed system is capable to maximize saffron production in the greenhouse by controlling environmental factors as per crop needs.
KW - Greenhouse
KW - Agronomical factors
KW - Internet of things
KW - IoT sensors
KW - Saffron
KW - Architecture
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85205335335&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41598-024-69513-1
DO - 10.1038/s41598-024-69513-1
M3 - Article
C2 - 39343800
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 14
SP - 22589
JO - Scientific Reports
JF - Scientific Reports
IS - 1
M1 - 22589
ER -