Chemical hazard exposure as a result of waste land filling: A review

Waste is any substance that is discarded, emitted or deposited in the environment in such volume, constituencies or manner as to cause damage in the environment. Waste can include domestic waste, commercial waste, industrial, medical and radioactive material. All types of wastes are deposited in the environmental ecosystem frequently by the land filling process. Land filling is one of the methods used to reduce and manage the waste as well as being the most common method by which waste is disposed of in the UK. After dumping the waste in landfill sites, several chemical hazard materials such as volatile organic compounds, (VOCs), methane, heavy metals, dioxin, furan, hydrogen sulphide and natural occurrence radioactive material (NORM) are vented to environment as result of several biological and chemical processes occurring in the landfill site. This paper is a review of the current knowledge on the importance of monitoring of chemical hazards and its effects on environment and health.